In 2011 Canada exported on average over 2.3 million barrels of oil every day to the United States. 1.6 million of those barrels came from bitumen deposits in Northern Alberta. Some came from similar deposits in Northern Saskatchewan. Bitumen has other names: oil sands, and less flatte

Hydraulic fracturing, called fracking for short, is a mining process designed to release gas and oil trapped in bituminous sedimentary rock formations. Fracking is seen by many in the oil and gas industry as an opportunity to establish energy independence for countries that have vast

Easily accessible oil and gas finds, usually referred to in the industry as conventional hydrocarbon reserves, are a thing of the past. Instead resource developers are increasingly turning to unconventional alternatives such as deep ocean exploration and extraction, the mining of bitu