When I started studying robotics what was out there included industrial behemoths from companies like Cincinnati-Milacron. These were evolved numerical control devices, successors to tool and die equipment and paper tape controllers, used for manufacturing everything from screws to au

The United States appeared to lose their way after Viking landed on Mars. It may have been the lack of definitive proof of life that caused the hiatus. With the discounting of the Label Release experiment results biologists were no longer included in the Mars design team. The Viking d